Beyond the top tier countries that dominate headlines and enrolment figures, many others are developing infrastructure and reputation for servicing international students whose budget or visa issuance officer can’t accommodate a “heritage” destination. Chris Parr assesses some of the emerging study hotspots.

Indian universities are aiming to attract more students from Africa with the promise of affordable fees and standards comparable to those in Europe and the US.

UK-based private equity firm, Actis, has made a $275m investment to establish a higher education network spanning nine countries in Africa.

The government of Russia is increasing its efforts to recruit African students to the country’s universities, by offering scholarships through the state nuclear energy corporation Rosatom.

UNICAF, an online platform that aims to increase access for African professionals to international standard higher education in sub-Saharan Africa, has received $12m in funding from a consortium of investors.

The route from Africa to France funnels in more than 40% of the international students at French education providers. It has served as a lifeline for France in 2016 as concerns around security have impacted mobility from other student source countries.

A consortium of East Africa's Centum Investments, Sabis education network and private investment firm Investbridge Capital will open 20 schools across Africa with the first set to open September 2018.

The African Union is mooting a passport that would allow visa-free movement for citizens of African countries across the continent, following country-level trends of abolishing visa requirements for African nationalities.