The leaders have welcomed a new agreement between universities to jointly tackle global issues.

The US and India should establish new joint research institutes and scale up student-based research collaboration and exchanges, leading US university leaders have recommended.

Australia and India have agreed a mobility deal that universities in Australia say will "support the flow of more students, researchers and skilled people" between the two countries.

UK PM Rishi Sunak has unveiled a professional and cultural exchange scheme for 3,000 young graduates together with his Indian counterpart Narendra Modi.

The UK and India have agreed to officially recognise each other’s higher education qualifications – a move that has been hailed as a "landmark, historic agreement".

Germany and India have agreed a migration and mobility partnership which the respective government hope will enable the "mutual mobility" of students, professionals and researchers between the two countries.

In his first trip to India since he entered office, Malcolm Turnbull met with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, where education and research collaboration talks topped the agenda.