The economic contribution of international students and graduates in Estonia has more than doubled over the past four years, to reach €22.4m.

International students have a positive economic impact on France, where their contribution amounts to €5 billion, according to a new survey from Campus France.

International students add between US$338 million-386m to the Swedish economy each year, according to a Swedish Institute report.

The US economy has lost $12.1 billion over two years as a result of declines in international student numbers, NAFSA has calculated.

A new report, entitled “World Changing Glasgow: Our Economic Impact”, cited that £631m was associated with the University of Glasgow’s educational exports.

Even though we're going to see some pretty good economic data being reported over the course of the next 12 months or so, those will not be sufficient to fully offset the pace of decline we saw last year

The economic contribution of international education has been revised up by almost $1 billion in Australia, according to the ABS.